Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
From Health Facts
Latest Edit: Hector 2014-03-21 (EDT)
See Also | Lab Tests |
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This test is conducted in patients with a family history of emphysema, as there is a tendency of this anti-enzyme to be deficient in such individuals.[1]
Discussion
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin, or AAT inactivates endoproteases (protein catabolic enzymes that are released in the body by degenerating and dying cells), such as trypsin and neutrophil elastase.
- Deficiencies of AAT can be genetic or acquired, where acquired deficiencies can occur in patients with protein-deficiency syndromes (e.g. malnutrition, liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome).
- The major clinical symptoms of AAT deficiency include progressive dyspnea with minimal coughing. Chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis can be seen in those with AAT deficiency who smoke.
Patient Preparation
- No fasting required.
- Factors which can cause increased levels
- Serum levels of AAT can double during pregnancy.
- Drugs: Oral contraceptives
- Factors which can cause decreased levels
- None noted
Clinical Implications
High levels indicate:
Low levels indicate:
- Early onset of emphysema (adults)
- Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- Cirrhosis
- Low serum proteins
Associated Tests
References
- ↑ Pagana Kathleen D, Pagana Timothy J (2006) Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, Mosby.